Air traffic service routes pdf national business aviation user forums pdf comparisons. The nasa johnson space center jsc in houston, texas is the home of the nasa wb57 high altitude research program. High altitude research airplane grob strato 2c with mtpropeller. High altitude reconnaissance aircraft often carry an increased sensor array adding more electric power requirements to the cycle.
The fuselage of an aircraft is subject the fives types of stresstorsion, bending, tension, shear, and compression. Design and optimization of a high altitude propeller can be a challenging problem due to the extremely low air density. Applied methods and procedures provides the practicing engineer with a versatile handbook that serves as the first source for finding answers to realistic aircraft design questions. Preliminary design of high altitude and high endurance uav. Development of an aerodynamic model and control law. Air at high altitude is less dense than air at sea level, reducing its convective capability and overall heat transfer capacity. Propulsion system for very high altitude subsonic unmanned. August 19, 2003 pdf august 20, 2003 pdf navigation reference system. The chosen application, the high altitude long endurance hale remotely operated aircraft roa refs. The wb57 is a midwing, longrange aircraft capable of operation for extended periods of time from sea level to altitudes in excess of 60,000 feet. The helios prototype aircraft involved in the mishap was a proofofconcept solar electric powered flying wing designed to operate at high altitudes for long duration flight. These milstds address the, design margin, performance metrics, and test protocols for hemp protection of military aircraft with nuclear emp survivability. High altitude propeller design and analysis sciencedirect.
If stealth considerations are to be incorporated in the aircraft design, then the engine must be embedded in the fuselage limiting engine cross. Gatta and others published wing design of a high altitude and long endurance aircraft find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. A knowledge of the basic stresses on aircraft structures will help you understand why aircraft are built the way they are. Even so, propellers are being used in many high altitude aircrafts such as. Pdf wing design of a high altitude and long endurance. Also explore the seminar topics paper on high altitude aeronautical platforms with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year electronics and telecommunication engineering.
Selecting solar for high altitude long endurance aircraft introduction in the 1990s, nasas development of the helios and pathfinder family of high altitude aircraft demonstrated the potential for solar cells to transform the wing from a passive mechanical component into a primary power source with minimal impact on aerodynamics. American institute of aeronautics and astronautics 12700 sunrise valley drive, suite 200 reston, va 201915807 703. In the literature, 2 main approaches are introduced to design. It is a twinengined development of the myasishchev m17 stratosphera with a higher maximum takeoff weight. The aerodynamic heating and shock associated with supersonic flight cause changes to the air sample which negate the measurements being made. High altitude aeronautical platforms seminar report, ppt. Explore high altitude aeronautical platforms with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. This paper describes a multidisciplinary design and optimization framework tailored for the conceptual development of highaltitude solarpowered unmanned aerial vehicles. In propeller systems, a diffuser is usually positioned in the lower part of the aircraft. Highaltitude flight has different effects on the human body than those experienced in lower altitude flight. Egrett 1987, condor 1988, pathfinder 1993, perseus a 1993, perseus b 1994, strato 2c 1995, theseus 1997, pathfinder plus 1998, centurion 1998 and helios 1999. Testing that it really works at those low densities before flying is a really good idea. The aircraft baseline configuration that the framework is able to handle is very similar to that of zephyr, which is developed by the uk based company qinetiq. Obviously, the important figure is how high the aircraft is.
Theoretically, high endurance aircraft could also operate at higher altitudes 20,000 m, where there exists a local minimum in wind speeds. Navys pacific missile range facility pmrf on the hawaiian island of kauai on june 26, 2003. Security classification of this report unclassified 20. These design and analysis capabilities cover flight conditions from take off at sea level to the low air density, high true airspeeds and high blade mach numbers of high altitude flight. Indeed, to achieve the same capability as an orbital satellite which can cover a large area, the aircraft must be able to stay aloft for a long time in a very high altitude. Long endurance means the engine cycle must be extremely fuel efficient. High altitude airspace study federal aviation administration. The aircraft presently used for sampling, even the high altitude er2, are not capable of flying much higher than 73 kft. An aircraft may be able to dive or remain at a lower altitude to gain speed, and then climb to trade that speed for altitude, reaching a higher altitude than it can maintain see this incident for an example of an aircraft that flew to a higher altitude than it could actually maintain.
However, a component maximum operation envelope may impose lower limits, especially when dispatching under minimum equipment list mel relief. Pilots of highaltitude aircraft are subject to two principle types of airspace at altitudes above 10,000 feet msl. Design of an unmanned aerial vehicle for longendurance. The altimeter is the instrument that supplies this information. The scaled composites model 281 proteus is a tandemwing highaltitude long endurance aircraft designed by burt rutan to investigate the use of aircraft as high altitude telecommunications relays. Optimal design of a highaltitude solar powered unmanned. The system, composed of a mu uav and protective case, folds and fits into a mju10b flare cartridge 7. Nasausra high altitude reconnaissance aircraft design california state polytechnic university, pomona united states. Design optimization of a composite wing box for highaltitude longendurance aircraft institution. Two crew members are positioned at separate tandem stations in the forward section of the fuselage. Paluszek princeton satellite systems, princeton, nj 08542 yiyuan zhao university of minnesota, minneapolis, mn 55455 lighterthan air vehicles are an attractive solution for many applications requiring a. The airplane which performs the sampling mission must be subsonic.
The challenges of high altitude gas turbine engine cycles. Aerofoil design for unmanned highaltitude aftswept. The expected operational reynolds number that is appropriate to similar aircraft is about. Design and predictions for a highaltitude lowreynolds. High altitude propeller design and analysis overview. Development of an aerodynamic model and control law design for a high altitude airship joseph b. Torsional stress in a fuselage is created in several ways. Maximum certified altitude as stated in the aircraft flight manual afm this is usually structural and is most often defined by pressurisation load limits on the fuselage. This highaltitude pseudosatellite haps provides the biggest payload capacity available in persistent, solar aviation. The book is structured in an equationderivationsolved. Therefore, all electronics that rely on natural or forced convection to dissipate heat will experience greater air and component temperature rises for the same amount of power at high altitudes.
Pilots who are not familiar with operations in the high altitude and highspeed environment are. A special design natural composite mtpropeller with a diameter of 6 m 20 ft has been built for flying in high altitudes up to 80000 ft. A novel, highaltitude, solar powered aircraft, capable of staying aloft at high altitudes for many months or even years to conduct around the clock surveillance andor reconnaisance, includes a forward wing with solar energy capturing cells, a rear wing, inflated pontoons for keeping the aircraft aloft, suspension wires attached to the pontoons, a gondola suspended from and. The configuration for the aircraft could be quite simple. Composite structural analysis of a high altitude, solar. Then if the aircraft could be made to reach 80000 ft, it would be all plus, bigger payload could be accommodated to the rocket. High altitude reconnaissance aircraft design aircraft. Three fully operational wb57 aircraft are based near jsc at ellington field. Selecting solar for high altitude long endurance aircraft. Turns at high altitude also demand additional respect because of load factor. These are the class e airspace which extends from the surface up to fl 180, and the class a airspace, which extends from fl 180 to fl 600. August 19, 2003 pdf august 20, 2003 pdf nonrestrictive routing nrr implementation. In order to account for the complex, multiphysical interactions. Written by an engineer with close to 20 years of design experience, general aviation aircraft design.
Pdf high altitude solar powered uav design abdulkadir. Odysseus high altitude, ultralong endurance, pseudo. At high altitudes, the intake air is taken from highpressure areas into an alternate, extremely optimized, path. The desired flight altitude and aircraft cruising speed for the proposed erast mission would require a propeller to operate in the low reynolds number high subsonic mach number regime mentioned above. For such types of aircraft, little research activity can be found to design and simulate the wing structure using low order analysis at the preliminary design stage implemented with weight prediction and failure considerations. Summary pdf drvsm altitude changes ms excel high altitude redesign har phase 1. Ignition is harder to achieve with lower density, and the size of the combustor determines up to which altitude and throttle setting an engine will stay lit. From the pilots viewpoint, mach is the ratio of the aircraft s true airspeed to the local speed of sound. Odysseus is the worlds most capable, solarpowered, autonomous aircraft ready to deliver your mission from the stratosphere. Steady state equipment and bay air temperature were analyzed as a function of altitude based on known sea level thermal conditions and design parameters, by using standard atmospheric models and aircraft altitude mach number flight envelope. Us5518205a high altitude, long duration surveillance.
Mysticb is a highaltitude geophysical research aircraft developed by okb myasishchev in the soviet union, similar in mission to the lockheed er2, but with a twin boom fuselage and tail surface design. The most urgent need is for an aircraft that can fly long distances at altitudes significantly above 80 kft. A design optimization process is developed to define the wing box structure for highaltitude longendurance aircraft hale. In aviation, altitude refers to how high an aircraft is above mean sea level. The aircraft have been flying research missions since the early 1970s, and continue to be an asset to the scientific community with professional. The aircrafts aerodynamic characteristics in highaltitude flight may differ significantly from those in lower altitude flight. Hydrogen fuel system design trades for highaltitude long. Highaltitude flight planning means recognizing the aircrafts weight at all times to prevent trying to force an airplane higher with a climb when its incapable of doing so safely. En route area navigation rnav routing, pitch and catch points pdf memoranda. Distribution statement this document is available to the public through the national technical information service, alexandria, virginia, 22312. High altitude flight operations skybrary aviation safety. Us3103324a us332957a us33295753a us3103324a us 3103324 a us3103324 a us 3103324a us 332957 a us332957 a us 332957a us 33295753 a us33295753 a us 33295753a us 3103324 a us3103324 a us 3103324a authority us united states prior art keywords island propulsive duct aircraft fuel prior art date 19530123 legal status the legal status is an. Design optimization of a composite wing box for high. Integrated modelling of an unmanned highaltitude solar.
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